Anyone who is serious about collectible coins will sooner or later come across terms like PF70 Ultra Cameo, MS69, or NGC certified. All of these designations originate from grading—the professional evaluation of coins.
In this article you will learn:
What grading means
How the rating scales work (PF, MS, etc.)
What role do NGC, PCGS and other companies play?
When certification is worthwhile – and when it is not
What is grading?
Grading refers to the professional evaluation of a coin’s condition and minting quality. Leading providers include:
NGC (Numismatic Guaranty Company)
PCGS (Professional Coin Grading Service)
These companies test the coin under laboratory conditions and then seal it in a so-called slab – a protective, transparent capsule with an inspection label.
The Sheldon Scale: PF or MS?
Rating from 1 to 70
Grading is based on the Sheldon scale, which rates conditions from 1 (heavily worn) to 70 (flawless). A PF70 or MS70 coin is absolutely perfect—even under five-fold magnification.
PF, PR, MS – and what do SP, Reverse Proof & Co. mean?
When grading coins, collectors encounter a variety of abbreviations. The most important ones vary depending on the minting quality and the grading company:
PF (Proof): NGC uses this abbreviation for proof coins. These coins feature a mirror-like background and matte relief—typical of modern collectible coins.
PR (Proof): PCGS uses the abbreviation PR instead of PF, but it means the same thing: a particularly high-quality minting quality with high collector value.
MS (Mint State): This designation is used for coins that were not specifically minted as collector items but are nevertheless uncirculated—such as uncirculated or bullion coins. The grade ranges from MS60 to MS70 , with MS70 indicating flawless condition.
SP (Specimen): A special form, usually used for pieces that fall somewhere between circulation and collector coins. They often have a special surface or were minted in limited editions for presentation purposes.
Reverse Proof / Enhanced Proof: These variants are particularly visually striking. In reverse proofs , the relief is glossy, while the field is matte—the opposite of the standard proof. These mintings are usually part of special editions or anniversary series.
This variety of designations demonstrates that grading is more than just a number. The combination of abbreviation, minting quality, and condition significantly determines a coin’s market value—and how collectors or investors classify a piece.
Why is grading relevant?
Uniform standards
Grading provides consistent standards worldwide. It makes condition objectively comparable—independent of personal impressions or photos.
Counterfeit protection
Slab-graded coins are protected by seals and certification numbers. Most dealers offer online databases for authenticity verification.
Potential for value appreciation
Especially with modern gold coins, certified pieces in PF70 or MS70 fetch significantly higher prices. The quality is documented, which builds trust.
Better resale value
Investors and collectors prefer certified coins. Certification significantly facilitates international trade.
Frequently asked questions about grading
Which grading companies are relevant?
Especially NGC and PCGS. Both have an excellent reputation in the international market.
When is grading worthwhile?
For coins with a collector value of over approximately €300, for modern proof coins in original quality or for popular series (e.g. Krugerrand, Maple Leaf, Libertad, Lunar).
How much does grading cost?
Between €35 and €200, depending on the provider and service level. Shipping, customs, and insurance costs may apply.
How do you recognize fake slabs?
Be aware of design variations and check each assay number directly on the NGC or PCGS website.
Conclusion
Grading builds trust, increases collector value, and enables international comparison of quality. Those who collect or invest in high-value coins should consider graded coins – especially those in PF70 or MS70. They represent the highest quality and long-term value retention.
Further content on RareCoin.Store
What are the basics of grading? Part 4 of our compact training shows it.
Update notice:
This post was last updated on July 1, 2025.
